The Romans and Hadrian's Wall
Julius Caesar landed twice in Britain in 55 BC and 56 BC, but the lasting occupation started in AD 43. Throughout the Roman rule, the north west was primarily a military region, with a complex of roads and defences. The Roman Fort was a key factor in the control of a country, and some form of fortification was built at regular intervals along the main roads.

Christian Influences
The 7th Century saw the start of the expansion of the Anglian empire, and by the end of the 7th Century, most of the area was in Anglian hands. Anglian crosses still survive in positions they have occupied for over 1000 years. There are numerous crosses close to Bush Nook, but the earliest and finest example is at Bewcastle (left), is still possible to see by taking a scenic drive from Bush Nook.

Castles & Forts
When William the Conqueror had established his rule over the main part of Britain, he consolidated his position by putting his loyal supporters in castles across the country, in a similar process to that used by the Romans. Castle building was undertaken by the King and his Norman barons.

Apart from the Roman forts of Birdoswald and Housesteads, there are numerous other castles in the area, some occupied, Naworth, Featherstone, but most in ruins including: Blenkinsopp, Thirlwall, Bellister & Bewcastle.

Reivers Heritage
Have you ever wondered where the words 'bereaved' and 'blackmailed' came from, well it all came about when the locals living in the area both sides of the English/Scottish borders decided to exercise their own form of law(lessness). They became known as The 'Reivers' families - and who knows you could be related to them!!!.